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If the patient is in a state of shock, which of the following signs is most likely to be present?

  1. Bounding pulses

  2. Bradycardia

  3. Cool, clammy skin

  4. Flushed, warm skin

The correct answer is: Bounding pulses

When a person is in shock, their body is struggling to maintain blood flow and oxygen to vital organs. This often causes the heart to beat faster and harder, leading to bounding or rapid pulses. Bradycardia, or a slowed heart rate, is not usually present in a state of shock. Additionally, shock can cause blood vessels to constrict, leading to cool and clammy skin as the body conserves heat. Flushed, warm skin would be a sign of increased blood flow and is less likely to be present in a state of shock.